Hello gpeery!
Great news! I just did a relevant tutorial for this yesterday! https://theeventscalendar.com/support/documentation/add-start-time-to-event-title-in-month-view/
Same concept, using the Themer’s Guide, you could probably make a template override to display what you want. Override /views/widgets/list-widget.php.
Find the ‘duration’ section and add the tribe_get_start_date() function
<h4>tribe_get_start_date( $post->ID, true, ‘l’ ) for long day (Thursday)</h4>
40 <div class="duration">
41 <?php echo tribe_get_start_date( $post->ID, true, 'l' ) . ' '; ?>
42 <?php echo tribe_events_event_schedule_details(); ?>
43 </div>

<h4>tribe_get_start_date( $post->ID, true, ‘D’ ) for short day (Thu)</h4>
40 <div>
41 <?php echo tribe_get_start_date( $post->ID, true, 'D' ) . ' '; ?>
42 <?php echo tribe_events_event_schedule_details(); ?>
43 </div>

Does this make sense? Let me know if this doesn’t work for you.
Cheers!
– Casey Driscoll