Hi,
Thanks for using our plugins. I can help out here.
If you would like to change it so that the year shows for events in the current year. Go to this setting:
Events > Settings > Display Tab > Date without year
Then change the setting to this: F j Y
That should show the year then for events in the current year.
As for editing core files in a theme, that is not possible nor would it ever be possible for core files to be moved to the theme besides the template files in the src/views directory. PHP does not work that way nor would it ever be considered good practice to do that as it creates huge performance, security, and support issues.
The recommended way to modify in WordPress is through actions and filters and through our themer’s guide:
https://theeventscalendar.com/knowledgebase/themers-guide/
https://theeventscalendar.com/knowledgebase/template-overview/
Another option is to take a function from the general.php tab add it to your theme’s functions.php, rename it and change the output to what you would like and then use it in the template added to your tribe-events directory.
Cheers