Hello Erica,
Thanks for going Pro and welcome to the forums! Great question you have there and thank you for reaching out.
Unfortunately how Jetpack works is not our domain and we cannot influence or change how Publicize works. It basically pushes a post to the social networks when they are being published. When you are creating a recurring event, then all recurrences are immediately published on your calendar so they are also pushed to the social networks.
Only way around this could be if you create the recurring event, but only add new recurrences when you want them to be publicized. But that means they would also only appear in your calendar at that time.
Other solution would be using a different plugin for sharing on social networks that lets you choose the time of sharing.
Does this answer your question?
Cheers,
Andras